The Saddam Hussein of Pakistan, i.e., Imran Khan
Who else? It has to be “Sir” Imran Khan.
Here is an excellent op-ed by Asadullah Ghalib on this topic based on Mujib-ur-Rehman Shami’s idea:
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Who else? It has to be “Sir” Imran Khan.
Here is an excellent op-ed by Asadullah Ghalib on this topic based on Mujib-ur-Rehman Shami’s idea:
Real Face of Saddam Hussein.
Shaking Hands: Iraqi President Saddam Hussein greets Donald Rumsfeld, then special envoy of President Ronald Reagan, in Baghdad on December 20, 1983
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/
“QUOTE”
March 28, 1988 — Uses chemical weapons against Kurdish town of Halabja, killing estimated 5,000 civilians.
From Iraq’s first use of chemical weapons in 1983, the U.S. took a very restrained view. When the evidence of Iraqi use of these weapons could no longer be denied, the U.S. issued a mild condemnation, but made clear that this would have no effect on commercial or diplomatic relations between the United States and Iraq. Iran asked the Security Council to condemn Iraq’s chemical weapons use, but the U.S. delegate to the U.N. was instructed to try to prevent a resolution from coming to a vote, or else to abstain. An Iraqi official told the U.S. that Iraq strongly preferred a Security Council presidential statement to a resolution and did not want any specific country identified as responsible for chemical weapons use. On March 30, 1984, the Security Council issued a presidential statement condemning the use of chemical weapons, without naming Iraq as the offending party.
President Reagan ordered the Defense Department and the CIA to supply Iraq’s military with intelligence information, advice, and hardware for battle after being advised to do so by CIA Director William Casey. Former Reagan National Security official Howard Teicher said that Casey “personally spearheaded the effort to insure that Iraq had sufficient military weapons, ammunition and vehicles to avoid losing the Iran-Iraq war.” The U.S. continued to provide thi type of intelligence to Iraq until 1988.
Iraq began using chemical weapons against Iran. By the end of the decade, some 100,000 people would die as a result the chemical warfare waged by the Iraqis . February 1982. The Reagan administration – despite stern objections from Congress- removed Iraq from the U.S. State Department’s list of states sponsoring terrorism. This cleared the way for future U.S. military aid to that country. The U.S. State Department reported that Iraq’s support of terrorist groups continued unabated. The Reagan administration approved the sale of 60 civilian Hughes helicopters to Iraq, in spite of the fact it was widely understood that the helicopters could be weaponized with little effort. Critics regarded the sale as military aid cloaked as civilian assistance. Secretary of Commerce George Baldridge and Secretary of State George Shultz successfully lobbied the National Security Council (NSC) advisor to approve the sale of 10 Bell helicopters to Iraq in spite of objections from the rest of the NSC. It was officially stated that the helicopters would be used for crop spraying. These same helicopters were later used in 1988 to deploy poison gas against Iranians and possibly the Kurds. Iraq’s use of chemical weapons against Iran increased significantly. The U.S. was informed of Iraq’s use of chemical weapons later that year. “Early 80s.” Diplomats brought photographs to the United Nations and several national capitals showing the swollen, blistered and burned bodies of injured and dead Iranians who had been victims of Iraqi chemical attacks. Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Egypt supplied Iraq with U.S. howitzers, helicopters, bombs and other weapons with the secret approval of the Reagan administration. President Reagan personally requested Italian Prime Minister Guilio Andreotti to funnel arms to Iraq. Iraq was using mustard gas.
It is not clear if the use of this weapon was known by the U.S. State Department and National Security Agency [Profile] at that time. [CIA Declassified Report ca. 1997] Late 1983. According to the memoirs of then Secretary of State George Shultz, U.S. intelligence began receiving reports that Iraq’s use of chemical weapons against Iran had increased . U.S. State Department official Jonathan T. Howe told Secretary of State George P. Shultz that intelligence reports indicated that Saddam Hussein’s troops were resorting to “almost daily use of CW [Chemical Weapons]” against their Iranian adversaries. By the end of 1983, 60 Hughes MD 500 “Defender” helicopters had been shipped to Iraq in spite of objections from four Republican Senators.
U.S. Special Envoy Donald Rumsfeld, who at the time was CEO of the pharmaceutical company, Searle, personally met with Saddam Hussein in an attempt to reestablish diplomatic relations with Iraq. Other issues that were discussed included plans for the construction of an Iraq-Jordan oil pipeline to be built by Bechtel and an Israeli offer to help Iraq in its war against Iran. According to a declassified State Department cable, Rumsfeld “conveyed the President’s greetings and expressed his pleasure at being in Baghdad.” Commenting on the meeting, Newsweek noted, “Like most foreign-policy insiders, Rumsfeld was aware that Saddam was a murderous thug who supported terrorists and was trying to build a nuclear weapon. (The Israelis had already bombed Iraq’s nuclear reactor at Osirak.)” Declassified documents revealed that Rumsfeld’s trip happened at a time when Iraq was using chemical weapons against Iran “almost daily” in defiance of international conventions. On September 19, 2002, almost two decades later, Rumsfeld was questioned in Congress about this visit. He stated, “I was, for a period in late ’83 and early ’84, asked by President Reagan to serve as Middle East envoy after the Marines–241 Marines were killed in Beirut. As part of my responsibilities I did visit Baghdad. I did meet with Mr. Tariq Aziz. And I did meet with Saddam Hussein and spent some time visiting with them about the war they were engaged in with Iran. At the time our concern, of course, was Syria and Syria’s role in Lebanon and Lebanon’s role in the Middle East and the terrorist acts that were taking place. As a private citizen I was assisting only for a period of months.” In his testimony he also denied any knowledge of the role the U.S. would play in helping Iraq develop its biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons capabilities. [U.S. Congressional Record: September 20, 2002 (Senate) Page S8987-S8998] 1984.
The CIA secretly provided Iraqi intelligence with instructions on how to “calibrate” its mustard gas attacks on Iranian troops. The CIA established a direct intelligence link with Iraq. An Iraqi military spokesman warned Iran, “The invaders should know that for every harmful insect, there is an insecticide capable of annihilating it . . . and Iraq possesses this annihilation insecticide.” February 1984. Western journalists reporting on the war between Iraq and Iran verified the use of chemical weapons. 4 p. 76] March 1984. The United Nations dispatched experts to the conflict zone on a mission that documented Iraq’s use of chemical weapons. The U.S. State Department reported that “available evidence” indicated Iraq was using “lethal chemical weapons”, specifically mustard gas, against Iran. U.S. State Department desk officer, Frank Riccuardone, urged the Export-Import Bank to provide Iraq with short-term loans “for foreign relations purposes.” U.S. intelligence officials claimed to have “incontrovertible evidence that Iraq has used nerve gas in its war with Iran and has almost finished extensive sites for mass-producing the lethal chemical warfare agent” Iran accused Iraq of poisoning 600 of its soldiers with mustard gas and Tabun nerve gas. On that same day, the UPI wire service reported that a team of UN experts had concluded that “Mustard gas laced with a nerve agent has been used on Iranian soldiers. Meanwhile, Donald Rumsfeld held talks with foreign minister Tariq Aziz.” In a memo to Donald Rumsfeld, Secretary of State George Shultz expressed concern that relations with Iraq had soured because of the State Department’s March 6 report that Iraq was using chemical weapons. The Reagan administration sent Donald Rumsfeld to Baghdad again. While in Iraq, Rumsfeld discussed the proposed Iraq-Jordan pipeline that was to be built by Bechtel. That same day, a UN investigation reported on Iraq’s use of chemical weapons against Iraq. “[C]hemical weapons in the form of aerial bombs have been used in the areas inspected in Iraq by the specialists,” the report said. During a meeting in Jordan with Iraqi diplomat Kizam Hamdoon, U.S. diplomat James Pecke in Jordan asked that Iraq halt its purchasing of chemical weapons from U.S. suppliers so as not to “embarrass” the U.S. [Institute for Policy Studies, 3/24/03] November 26, 1984. The United States Government re-established full diplomatic ties with Baghdad even though it was fully aware that Iraq was using chemical weapons in its war against Iran. 1985. Christopher Drogoul of the Atlanta branch of the Italian Banca Nazionale del Lavoro began embezzling funds to Iraq.
The funds consisted of government backed loans meant for agricultural purposes as well as unreported loans that had been made in secret. While roughly half the funds were used by Saddam Hussein’s government to purchase agricultural goods, the remainder was used to “supply Iraqi missile, chemical, biological and nuclear weapons programs with industrial goods such as computer controlled machine tools, computers, scientific instruments, special alloy steel and aluminum, chemicals, and other industrial goods.” Additionally, the money spent on agriculture allowed Saddam’s regime to divert a significant portion of its own funds to the task of weapons development. Between 1985 and 1989 almost $5 billion made its way to Iraq from the U.S.. Memos obtained by reporters revealed that both the Federal Reserve and Department of Agriculture had suspected that Iraq was using these funds inappropriately. Iraq eventually defaulted on the government-backed loans, leaving U.S. taxpayers with $2 billion dollars in unpaid debts. U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz successfully convinced Rep. Howard Berman to drop a House bill that put Iraq back on the State Department’s list of states that sponsor terrorism. Shultz argued that the United States was actively engaged in “diplomatic dialogue on this and other sensitive issues,” and asserted that “Iraq has effectively distanced itself from international terrorism.” The Secretary of State further claimed that if the U.S. discovered any evidence implicating Iraq in the support of terrorist groups, the U.S. Government “would promptly return Iraq to the list.”
In addition to providing satellite photography to Iraq, which revealed the movements of the Iranian forces, the U.S. secretly deployed U.S. Air Force officers to Iraq to assist their counterparts in the Iraqi military as well as “more than 60 officers of the Defense Intelligence Agency” who secretly provided “detailed information on Iranian deployments, tactical planning for battles, plans for airstrikes and bomb-damage assessments for Iraq.” The U.S. also provided Iraq with intelligence gathered by Saudi-owned AWACS, which were being operated by the Pentagon. The information provided by the U.S. was considered essential to Iraq’s military planning as it resulted in Iraq’s improved “accuracy in targeting, hitting Iran’s bridges, factories, . . . power plants relentlessly, and . . . Iranian oil terminals in the Lower Gulf.” The Central Intelligence Agency authored a then-classified report acknowledging that Iraq was using chemical weapons as an “integral part” of its military strategy and that it was a “regular and recurring tactic.” “[T]wo batches of bacillus anthracis – the micro-organism that causes anthrax – were shipped . . . along with two batches of the bacterium clostridium botulinum – the agent that causes deadly botulism poisoning”- to the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education. U.S. intelligence learned that Iraq’s “Saad 16” research center was attempting to develop ballistic missiles. This information was relayed by the Defense Department’s Under Secretary for Trade Security Policy, Stephen Bryen, to the Commerce Department’s (CD) Assistant Secretary for Trade Administration. In spite of this, the Commerce Department subsequently approved more than $1 million in computer sales to the Iraqi research center over the next four years. In 1991, The House Committee on Government Operations reported that 40% of the equipment at the “Saad 16” research center had come from the U.S. The United Nations dispatched experts to the conflict zone on a mission that documented Iraq’s use of chemical weapons.
One batch each of salmonella and E coli was sent to the Iraqi State Company for Drug Industries with the approval of the U.S. Department of Commerce. U.S. provided Baghdad with $500 million in credits to buy American farm products.
Britain’s dirty secret by David Leigh and John Hooper
The Guardian, Thursday March 6 2003
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2003/mar/06/uk.iraq
A chemical plant which the US says is a key component in Iraq’s chemical warfare arsenal was secretly built by Britain in 1985 behind the backs of the Americans, the Guardian can disclose. Documents show British ministers knew at the time that the £14m plant, called Falluja 2, was likely to be used for mustard and nerve gas production.
Senior officials recorded in writing that Saddam Hussein was actively gassing his opponents and that there was a “strong possibility” that the chlorine plant was intended by the Iraqis to make mustard gas. At the time, Saddam was known to be gassing Iranian troops in their thousands in the Iran-Iraq war.
But ministers in the then Thatcher government none the less secretly gave financial backing to the British company involved, Uhde Ltd, through insurance guarantees.
Paul Channon, then trade minister, concealed the existence of the chlorine plant contract from the US administration, which was pressing for controls on such exports.
He also instructed the export credit guarantee department (ECGD) to keep details of the deal secret from the public.
The papers show that Mr Channon rejected a strong plea from a Foreign Office minister, Richard Luce, that the deal would ruin Britain’s image in the world if news got out: “I consider it essential everything possible be done to oppose the proposed sale and to deny the company concerned ECGD cover”.
The Ministry of Defence also weighed in, warning that it could be used to make chemical weapons.
But Mr Channon, in line with Mrs Thatcher’s policy of propping up the dictator, said: “A ban would do our other trade prospects in Iraq no good”.
The British taxpayer was even forced to write a compensation cheque for £300,000 to the German-owned company after final checks on the plant, completed in May 1990, were interrupted by the outbreak of the Gulf war.
The Falluja 2 chlorine plant, 50 miles outside Baghdad, near the Habbaniya airbase, has been pinpointed by the US as an example of a factory rebuilt by Saddam to regain his chemical warfare capability.
Last month it featured in Colin Powell’s dossier of reasons why the world should go to war against Iraq, which was presented to the UN security council.
Spy satellite pictures of Falluja 2 identifying it as a chemical weapons site were earlier published by the CIA, and a report by Britain’s joint intelligence committee, published with Tony Blair’s imprimatur last September, also focused on Falluja 2 as a rebuilt plant “formerly associated with the chemical warfare programme”.
UN weapons inspectors toured the Falluja 2 plant last December and Hans Blix, the chief inspector, reported to the security council that the chemical equipment there might have to be destroyed.
But until now, the secret of Britain’s knowing role in Falluja’s construction has remained hidden.
Last night, Uhde Ltd’s parent company in Dortmund, Germany, issued a statement confirming that their then UK subsidiary had built Falluja 2 for Iraq’s chemical weapons procurement agency, the State Enterprise for Pesticide Production.
A company spokesman said: “This was a normal plant for the production of chlorine and caustic soda. It could not produce other products”.
The British government’s intelligence at the time, as shown in the documents, was that Iraq, which was having increasing difficulty in obtaining precursor chemicals on the legitimate market, intended to use the chlorine as a feedstock to manufacture such chemicals as epichlorohydrin and phosphorous trichloride. These in turn were used to make mustard gas and nerve agents.
Paul Channon, since ennobled as Lord Kelvedon, was last night holidaying on the Caribbean island of Mustique. He issued a statement through his secretary, who said: “He can’t object to the story. So he’s got no comment.”
Here is my translation of the original article of 12-18-02 published in the Taz (die tageszeitung), followed by a link and translation of the supplier list of 12-19-02.
USA CENSORS IRAQ REPORT
Germany and the other non-permanent members of the UN Security Council received only a truncated version of the weapons dossier. Data concerning foreign suppliers of Iraq are missing.
Geneva: The 10 non-permanent members of the UN Security Council–to which Germany will belong starting in January–have been withheld substantial parts of the Iraqi arms report. All information about the supplies from–and the support of–foreign companies, research labs and governments from the mid-1970’s on, related to Iraqi arms programs, have been deleted. The 5 permanent Council members, the USA, Russia, China, France and Great Britain, are aware of this censorship. According to the German Press Agency DPA, it has reduced the 12,00 page report to only 3000 pages.
From information gathered from UN diplomats of 2 of these 5 countries taz learned that the censorship was agreed on primarily upon the urging of the United States. Among the 5 constant members of the Security Council it was the USA that stood out by giving the strongest support to Saddam Hussain’s regime by arming it with the means of mass destruction.
The report gives us a complete overview of these supplies for the first time. In particular it names the 24 US companies and when and to whom in Iraq the supplies were delivered. And it makes clear how strongly the Reagan and the first Bush administrations supported the arming of Iraq, from 1980 up to the Gulf conflict of 1990/91. Substantial construction units for the Iraqi nuclear weapon and rocket programs were supplied with permission of the government in Washington. The poison Anthrax for the arming of Iraq with biological weapons stemmed from US laboratories. Iraqi military and armament experts were trained in the US and there received know-how having to do with their domestic arms programs.
According to the estimation of Susan Wright, a US arms-control expert from the University of Michigan, publication of this information would be “especially embarassing for the USA.” It would “remind people in the USA of a very dark chapter, which the Bush administration would prefer to forget about.” Whether the US had already struck out this information before it made copies for the other 4 permanent Council members continues to be unclear.
Author: Andreas Zumach
Original in German at
Translator: Anu de Monterice
The full list of arms suppliers to Iraq, as published by the taz on 12/19/02, can be found at
http://www.taz.de/pt/2002/12/19/a0080.nf/textdruck
Legend used in this list:
A = nuclear program,
B = bioweapons program,
C = chemical weapons program,
R = rocket program,
K = conventional weapons, military logistics, supplies at the Iraqi
Defense Ministry and the building of military plants.
After the list of US firms are these remarks: “In addition to these 24 companies home-based in the USA are 50 subsidiaries of foreign enterprises which conducted their arms business with Iraq from within the US. Also designated as suppliers for Iraq’s arms programs (A, B, C & R) are the US Ministries of Defense, Energy, Trade and Agriculture as well as the Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories.” (Anu’s translation)
US CORPORATIONS
1 Honeywell (R, K)
2 Spectra Physics (K)
3 Semetex (R)
4 TI Coating (A, K)
5 Unisys (A, K)
6 Sperry Corp. (R, K)
7 Tektronix (R, A)
8 Rockwell (K)
9 Leybold Vacuum Systems (A)
10 Finnigan-MAT-US (A)
11 Hewlett-Packard (A, R, K)
12 Dupont (A)
13 Eastman Kodak (R)
14 American Type Culture Collection (B)
15 Alcolac International (C)
16 Consarc (A)
17 Carl Zeiss – U.S (K)
18 Cerberus (LTD) (A)
19 Electronic Associates (R)
20 International Computer Systems (A, R, K)
21 Bechtel (K)
22 EZ Logic Data Systems, Inc. (R)
23 Canberra Industries Inc. (A)
24 Axel Electronics Inc. (A)
Zusätzlich zu diesen 24 Firmen mit Stammsitz USA werden in dem irakischen Rüstungsbericht knapp 50 Tochterfirmen ausländischer Unternehmen aufgeführt, die ihre Rüstungskooperation mit dem Irak von den USA aus betrieben. Außerdem werden die Washingtoner Ministerien für Verteidigung, Energie, Handel und Landwirtschaft sowie die Atomwaffenlaboratorien Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos und Sandia als Zulieferer für Iraks Rüstungsprogramme für A-, B- und C-Waffen sowie für Raketen benannt.
CHINA
1 China Wanbao Engineering Company (A, C, K)
2 Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd (K)
3 China State Missile Company (R)
FRANCE
1 Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique (A)
2 Sciaky (A)
3 Thomson CSF (A, K)
4 Aerospatiale and Matra Espace (R)
5 Cerbag (A)
6 Protec SA (C)
7 Thales Group (A)
8 Societé Général pour les Techniques Nouvelles (A)
GREAT BRITAIN
1 Euromac Ltd-Uk (A)
2 C. Plath-Nuclear (A)
3 Endshire Export Marketing (A)
4 International Computer Systems (A, R, K)
5 MEED International (A, C)
6 Walter Somers Ltd. (R)
7 International Computer Limited (A, K)
8 Matrix Churchill Corp. (A)
9 Ali Ashour Daghir (A)
10 International Military Services (R) (im Besitz des brit. Verteidigungsministeriums)
11 Sheffield Forgemasters (R)
12 Technology Development Group (R)
13 International Signal and Control (R)
14 Terex Corporation (R)
15 Inwako (A)
16 TMG Engineering (K)
17 XYY Options, Inc (A)
USSR-RUSSIA
1 Soviet State Missile Co. (R)
2 Niikhism (R)
3 Mars Rotor (R)
4 Livinvest (R)
5 Russia Aviatin Trading House (K)
6 Amsar Trading (K)
Weitere Länder
JAPAN
1 Fanuc (A)
2 Hammamatsu Photonics KK (A)
3 NEC (A)
4 Osaka (A)
5 Waida (A)
NETHERLANDS
1 Melchemie B.V. (C)
2 KBS Holland B.V. (C)
3 Delft Instruments N.V. (K)
BELGIUM
1 Boehler Edelstahl (A),
2 NU Kraft Mercantile Corporation (C),
3 OIP Instrubel (K),
4 Phillips Petroleum (C)
5 Poudries Réunies Belge SA (R)
6 Sebatra (A),
7 Space Research Corp. (R)
SPAIN
1 Spanien: Donabat (R)
2 Treblam (C)
3 Zayer (A)
SWEDEN
1 ABB (A)
2 Saab-Scania (R)
“UNQUOTE”
“QUOTE”
Never mind that forty years ago, the CIA, under President John F. Kennedy, orchestrated a regime change in Baghdad. In 1963, after a successful coup, the Ba’ath party came to power in Iraq. Using lists provided by the CIA, the new Ba’ath regime systematically eliminated hundreds of doctors, teachers, lawyers, and political figures known to be leftists. An entire intellectual community was slaughtered. (The same technique was used to massacre hundreds of thousands of people in Indonesia and East Timor.) The young Saddam Hussein was said to have had a hand in supervising the bloodbath. In 1979, after factional infighting within the Ba’ath Party, Saddam Hussein became the President of Iraq. In April 1980, while he was massacring Shias, the U.S. National Security Adviser Zbigniew Brzezinksi declared, “We see no fundamental incompatibility of interests between the United States and Iraq.” Washington and London overtly and covertly supported Saddam Hussein.
They financed him, equipped him, armed him, and provided him with dual-use materials to manufacture weapons of mass destruction. They supported his worst excesses financially, materially, and morally. They supported the eight-year war against Iran and the 1988 gassing of Kurdish people in Halabja, crimes which 14 years later were re-heated and served up as reasons to justify invading Iraq. After the first Gulf War, the “Allies” fomented an uprising of Shias in Basra and then looked away while Saddam Hussein crushed the revolt and slaughtered thousands in an act of vengeful reprisal. It was Herman Goering, that old Nazi, who said, “People can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders.… All you have to do is tell them they’re being attacked and denounce the pacifists for a lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same way in any country.” He’s right. It’s dead easy. That’s what the Bush regime banks on. The distinction between election campaigns and war, between democracy and oligarchy, seems to be closing fast. [1]
“QUOTE”
As a most influential associate of Hasan al-Bakr, Iraq’s former president (1968-79), Saddam cleverly installed his men in sensitive positions who later helped him in taking over the reins of government in 1979. Soon, he swiftly and ruthlessly eliminated the elements that were not expected to give unquestionable allegiance to him. A state that was dynastic and patriarchal in character further became an exclusive domain of small circle of intimates, linked by networks of tribal alliance and advantage, difficult for anyone to penetrate. Kurds comprising 19 per cent and Shiites 60 per cent of the populace became outcasts. A personality cult was created portraying him as a father of the nation, besides introducing various national institutions to sustain national myths. Iraq’s attack on Iran in 1980 was used to divert people’s attention from these internal developments. Though the war had a huge economic impact, Saddam became Arab regimes’ darling for fighting a “radical” Shiite state.
As a reward, he received a $40 billion loan from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Profiting from the on-going US-Iran confrontation, he also received modern weaponry from US. These contributing factors raised Saddam’s stature not only in Iraq but also in other Arab states. Our own General Mirza Aslam Beg was also a “victim” of this charisma. This is also precisely the reason why he sustained politically despite a comprehensive defeat in the 1991 Gulf war.
In the aftermath of the war, Kurds and Shiites threatening his power base were brutally crushed through the use of chemical weapons. This indirectly further strengthened the powerful elite comprising Saddam’s own tribe, military hierarchy and Republican Guards as the “outcasts” now became the enemies of State. He also artfully convinced Iraqi public that the economic hardships due to UN sanctions are a result of Iraq’s defiance to US imperialism, improving his leadership credentials. In this perspective, it is difficult to understand how come Saddam’s military and Republican Guards are ready to rise up against him, being the major beneficiaries of the system. So long as Saddam is alive, they will never ditch him. They know fairly well that the post-Saddam Iraq will be a very difficult place for them.A better way of framing the issue is to focus on Saddam’s track record of crimes against humanity and use of chemical and biological weapons against Kurds and Iranians.
SADDAM HUSSEIN AND IRAQ:
“During 1990 when London Observer featured a special investigative report suggesting that Bush Senior had encouraged Iraqi Dictator to attack Kuwait. According to the Observer, Bush sent a secret envoy to meet with one of Saddam’s top officials. The envoy told the Dictator’s Confidant “that Iraq should engineer higher oil prices to get it out of its dire economic fix ,”. The story appeared nowhere that one ever saw in American Media”. Saddam took the envoy’s advice, moving his troops to the border of Kuwait. U.S. Ambassador to Baghdad April Glaspie told Saddam,”We dont have an opinion on inter-Arab border disputes such as your border dispute with Kuwait”. The evidence suggests that US complicity with Saddam went far beyond miscalculation of the Iraqi leader’s intentions,” wrote Observer reporter Helga Graham. The leaked documents on which she based her piece “have built up a picture of active support for the US President.” The story after year a half later appeared in alternative media outlets like The Village Voice, finally penetrated the big-time dailies with a Los Angeles Times report on the Bush/Saddam lovefest.
“In the fall of 1989, at a time when Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait was only nine months away and Saddam Hussein was desperate for money to buy arms,” journalists like Murray Waas and Douglas Frantz wrote, “President Bush signed a Top-Secret National Security Decision Directive ordering closer ties with Baghdad and opening the way for $ 1 Billion in new aid”. The Waas-Frantz exclusive revealed a pattern of Bush’s support for Saddam dating back to Bush’s vice presidential days and running practically until the moment of Iraq’s invasion. “As late as July 1990, one month before Iraqi troops stormed into Kuwait city, officials at the National Security Council and the State Department were pushing to deliver the second installment of the $ 1 Billion in loan guarantee,” the article said. Two years before the invasion, at a time when (according to Waas’s reporting) Bush would have been meeting with Iraqi Ofiicals and pressuring American Banks to fork over money for Saddam, Peter Dale Scott wrote an article for Pacific News Service detailing Bush’s role in an International Oil-Price rigging scheme.
The story was named one of the year’s ten best “Censored” stories by “Project Censored,” an annual competition to recognize important stories that the big media skip, spike, or suppress. On the sands of Saudi Arabia, the petroleum president was at work once more. After the conflict began in earnest in January 1991- more a one-sided assault than a “war,” really-more information started to seep out. The silence of the American Media with regard to anything but “stories” and “smart bombs” was stupefying. But had they paid attention they could have picked up on the type of information contained in Secret Dossier, a book by highly respected foreign correspondents Pierre Salinger and French journalist Eric Laurent. Salinger and Laurent took a matter of fact tone and were clearly reliant on Jordan’s King Hussein as a source (the often startling allegations in the book also beg the question of why Salinger, one of ABC’s top overseas reporters, didnt report the stuff on his network). Nonetheless a little reading between the lines illuminated “The Hidden Agenda Behind the Gulf War” (the book’s subtitle).
Salinger and Laurent’s infromation, though it hardly proves that the Kuwaitis prodded Into attacking at the behest of their American protectors, does seem to support the hypothesis.The invasion of Kuwait could have been averted at a peace conference in late July 1990, Secret Dossier reports. Iraq would have been mollified if Kuwait met it requests for a $ 10 Billion loan to cover expenses in the Iran-Iraq War. Saddam felt he owed something for staving off the spread of Iranian-style Islamic Fundamentalism.
Kuwaiti’s answer was more like taunt than a refusal. “After much discussion the [Kuwaiti] Crown Prince agreed, in principle, to a loan of $ 9 Billion,” Salinger and Laurent report. “His refusal to grant the extra $ 1 Billion struck the Iraqis as a deliberate attempt to humiliate them.” No problem, said the oil-bloated Saudis, who were more than mildly interested in assuaging the livid Saddam and preventing an invasion. We’ll kick in the extra billion. But just when the difficulty appeared resolved, the Kuwaitis pulled another fast one. “We must decide on the exact demarcation of our borders,” the Crown Prince told the Iraqis. Without warning, he’d raised the sorest issue between the two nations. A piece of paper dated November 22, 1989, seized from the Kuwaiti Foreign Ministry by pillaging Iraqis, seemed to indicate a complicated situation. The internal Kuwaiti Memo reported a meeting between a high Kuwaiti official and the CIA-which was confirmed by the CIA though it scoffed at the document as a phony.
At that meeting, the memo said, the CIA urged Kuwait to “pressure” Iraq into settling the border dispute. George Bush’s administration and military were ready for action when Iraq rolled into Kuwait. Too ready, perhaps? Just a week before the invasion the army ran through a stimulated Middle East Operation called “War Flag’90”. In the War Game, despite that real war seemed imminent in that region , Joint Chiefs Chairman Colin Powell omitted names of the various Gulf States from the game map and redrew borders to disguise the nations involved. “Exceptional tact,” declares Salinger, with a possible touch of sarcasm. Bush was his manipulative self in the early days of the crisis, playing Arab nations against each other. He told Jordan that the United States would do nothing for forty eight hours, then turned around and, through the State Department, sent a threatening message to Egypt.
Take a “firm stand” against the invasion or Egypt will “no longer be able to count on America.” At the United Nations, Bush threw money at some and bullied others to build his “coalition, ” legitimizing what might otherwise appear to be another episode of American swashbuckling. “Yemen’s ambassador was informed that his would be “the most expensive no vote you ever cast, ” if that country balked at the US backed “use of force” resolution, reports a radio journalist who covered the proceedings. What was the reason behind this Gulf War? As per former Watergate investigator Scott Armstrong.
There is a $ 200 billion secret agreement between the USA and Saudi Arabia, Armstrong documented, assuring a permanent US military presence in the Middle East through a staggering program of covert base-building. The deal, says Armstrong, creates a “pre-troops and (fresh) water.” However,, it also ties the US Military to the Saudi Monarchy because if the Royal Family loses power the big bucks deal is blown. “Earlier versions of these agreements had set the stage for US intervention in the Persian Gulf War, probably making it inevitable, ” wrote Armstrong. And More ominous: “These secret agreements. . . make US involvement in future Middle East conflicts unavoidable.” On January 16, 1991, Bush ordered a massive bombing attack against Iraq. In the ensuing saturation media coverage of the war, mentions of the Glaspie green-light to Saddam Hussein cropped up in passing but by and large there was little discussion of US policy toward prior to the conflict.
An American newspaper Metro ran a piece by Village Voice reporter Murray Waas detailing how Glaspie’s attitude toward Iraq’s “border dispute” with Kuwait was hardly an anomaly. In the months leading up to the invasion, administration officials repeatedly swore off use of force against Iraq. Secretary of State James Baker even went so far to offer what sounded like a rationalization for Iraqi use of chemical weapons. He reported to a Senate Committee Saddam Hussein’s explanation that chemical weapons were his only deterrent against Nuclear attack. “I am not taking sides,” said Baker-an astonishing statement in light of events that followed. “I am just stating that. Another story ran by Metro was about as to how Silicon Valley ‘s original high tech company, Hewlett-Packard, sold computers to Iraq knowing that they would be used in ballistic missiles development. Numerous US companies , the article reported, sold military technology to Iraq right up until the international embargo came down after the invasion of Kuwait.
German corporations were far worse offenders. Those companies under the jurisdiction of America’s close ally were directly responsible for Iraq’s chemical weapon-making ability. Was Bush deliberately trying to get the US into a war, to satisfy yet another cryptic agenda? Waas wrote off the Bushian pro-Iraq stance as a diplomatic blunder, albeit one of history’s worst. Perhaps so. The Vietnam war was half a decade old when the Pentagon Papers leaked out to confirmwhat a sizeable segment of the country suspected: the administration’s public reasons for throwing the countryinto that war were simply sham. Perhaps someday a “Pentagon Papers II” will appear, exposing how the country was fooled into the Persian Gulf War.
Whatever the reasons for risking thousands of Ameircan lives (and taking thousands of Iraqi lives, including innumerable civilians that includes 500,000 Iraqi children) Bush.Sr. managed the war propaganda well (as his son Bush Jr. doing in Afghanistan). The press was as it is now in Afghanistan, tightly controlled and seem to accept its bitter medicine with disturbing calm. Meanwhile, Bush beaten away on his theme of us against him, Saddam Hussein as now in Afghanistan and again in Iraq but this time by Bush Jr. When one goes through a database of Newspaper Articles from the year 1987 through mid 1990, the single largest subheading in Bush. Sr’s entry was “Investigations.” In time his life and career will be the subject of hundreds of books. As a Kissinger protege, Nixon stooge, oil baron, CIA agent, Reaganite, Trilateralist, invader of foreign countries, coddler of fascisits, family friend of a brainwashed assassin, president of the United States, and member of a secret society, there is no realm of conspiracy theory that cannot find a comfortablespot for George Bush. Sr. He is an embodiment of conspiracy. Maybe some of those future books will show that those eccentric, incredible theories were tinged with the flavour of truth, and the part he played in reshaping Ameirca will be illuminated a little bit brighter.
“UNQUOTE”
REFERENCES:
Saddam Hussein: A Hero of Islam – III
http://chagataikhan.blogspot.com/2008/10/saddam-hussein-hero-of-islam-iii.html
Saddam Hussein: A Hero of Islam – I
http://chagataikhan.blogspot.com/2008/10/saddam-hussein-hero-of-islam-i.html
we support US to Drone attack on Talian (zaliman). we appreciat America who fight Taliban and killing them mercilessly, we ask the US to spread drone attacks anywhere, where talibans are hidding,
SADDAM HUSSAIN WAS GREAT PERSON.YES HE MAD MISTAKES BUT HE WAS BRAVE MUSLIM.HE FACED DEATH WITH FULL ,UNBELIEVEABLE GRACE.
ÿþ|
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Сейчас в сети бонприкс интернет магазин быстро развивается формат акций в
виде передачи своим партнерам различных купонов и промокодов на подарки и скидки
к покупке.
Как выглядит купон (мромокод)?
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Вид скидки (подарка), обычно,
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Дополнительный бонус таких рекламныйх кампаний —
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Нажал на ссылку — получил приятность в виде скидки.
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30 цветня буква кредит украина онлайн району открылось кредит онлайн украина без справки о доходах первое полпредство путы
тюрем Хорошо.
Опять двадцать пять занятия отделения взять кредит онлайн на карту (а) также в течении 4 месяцев народонаселенью
доступна неповторимая запас приобрести первостатейный
долг по-под 0,001% в масштабах промо-акции «Щедрый сосед».
?«Мы продолжаем наращивать интернет отделений в разных ареалах Украины.
Активно развиваясь включая во местных фокусах, да и в ничтожных населенных пунктах, да мы с
тобой самым что ни на есть делаем лучшие денежные предложения легкодоступными вновь
большему числу народонаселений страны»,
– подчертил Генеральный директор «Благо» Алексаня Северинов.
В золотоношском участке предлагается весь уместительный роспись служб «Благо»: безвозмездная суд изделий, финансирование под залог техники,
ненаглядных металлов и кремней, стандартизировавшие шаблоны сопровождения.
Клиентам предоставляется запас обрести искусству разве ювелирные
работы, и еще оформить беззалоговые займы предварительно 3
игр гривен ото компании-партнера Cash Point.
Перевес ломбардов «Благо»
мастерит получи и распишись рынке залогового кредитования Украины от бога 15
возраста, имеет 266 участков в течение 92 городах во
всех ареалах местности. На Черкасской площади вперед
работает 8 офисов «Благо»: 4 – прямо на местном середке, 2
– во Умани (а) также после один как перст – на Смеле а также Золотоноше.
Государственная сеть тюрем Благо
теперь выдает сумма под обеспечение ручных времен – воспринимаются (как) будто недорогие единицы, аналогично образце выработка коренных популярных брендов.
Главнейшими выпущенную опцию рекомендовали отделения на Киеве, во ближайшее время намечается запустить занятие под обеспечение минут по всей Украине.
«Мы в течение обычный раз расширяем
линейку берущие закладов.
Времена – отвечающий своим требованиям редкий тема, каковой в течение точном идеи неизменно
под боком. Буква современном вселенной, иной раз истинное промежуток времени сможет «подсказать» множество гаджетов, сверх наручных часов подлинно невесомо утрястись, но в то время как с помощью их в тот же час
утрясти появившиеся денежные вопросы», – подчеркивал маркетинг-директор козни ломбардов «Благо» Виталий Соловьев.
Буква тюрьмах сети «Благо», не беря в расчет обычные
займов под обеспечение бесценных металлов а также камешков, разрешено в свою очередь приобрести фонд чистоганом под обязательства реально
и стар и млад картин общебытовой (а) также электрической искусства, электроинструментов, самокатов и
даже рыболовных снастей.
Банчок «Финансы и Кредит» пришел
к соглашению со держателями субдолга относительно конвертации его во имущество
Банчик «Финансы (а) также Кредит»
договорился начиная с. ant. до владельцами субдолга насчет его конвертации
в течение основная сумма баночка за счет допэмиссии девших получи итог возле
$70 миллион. ( иначе говоря ориентировочно 1,5 млрд.
грн.)
«Подобное декрет быть в наличии дернуто
в рамках намерения докапитализации баночка и определило очередью дипломатов акционеров в соответствии с умножению уставного денежных средств жестянка » – высказал (а) также.касательно.
Председателя Правления Шайба «Финансы равным
образом Кредит» Тора Голуб.
По образу говорилось раньше, буква
первом квартале этого года
имущество банка сейчас душил умножен получи
и распишись 22%, иначе говоря для 616,4 миллион.
грн. – пред 3,416 млрд. грн.
Больше того, 29 мая 2015 года осуществится внеочередное скопище акционеров скамейка «Финансы
и Кредит», для тот или другой короче рассмотрен вопрос касательно свежеиспеченном умножении статутного
состояния.