To ‘Khan’ or not to ‘Khan’?: The Election Dilemma – by A Z
Imran Khan is an institution of cricket. Not just because of his extraordinary prowess as a player but also because of his excellence as a leader of men on the field. After retiring from cricket, he did some tremendous philanthropic work. However, he soon found mere philanthropy unequal to his immense energy and ambition. So Mr Khan jumped into politics some seventeen years ago. Looking back at his political career is like looking into a record of flop releases and it is only now that his production (PTI) has developed into a serious thriller. A thriller because while it has put everyone off guard, nobody is quite sure where it is headed. While it has been much longer in the making, the broad outline of PTI’s development bears resemblance to that of the country’s greatest ever thriller PPP, which still continues to attract crowds despite producing many tragic episodes from the killings of its protagonists to its poor performance when trusted with power in the latter episodes. However, this is only a far-fetched resemblance as Mr Khan and the immensely gifted producer of PPP (Mr Bhutto) are by no means in the same league as political trailblazers. Thanks to the genius of its producer, PPP was a thriller that had everything comedy, romance, philosophy, suspense, social satire, heartbreaks, and tears. No wonder, lately Mr Khan has been seen trying to take on some of the attributes and kind of popular following that PPP’s producer had.
Talking about PTI, I must add that it is the most successful kiddie political production ever made in Pakistan. This is by no means a slur but just a statement of fact. Even a twelve year old finds it easy to understand and relate to its actions, rhetoric, and values. PTI’s campaign betrays a combination of virtual and real-world political activity closer to the way millions of young people relate to politics. There is a new generation of populists that are young, angry, and disillusioned with the current crop of political elites. That’s its appeal, a story that is fascinating to both young and old alike. While Imran may have intended his story for the youth, he has written it very earnestly and sincerely. Many take PTI’s production seriously. It is set in Pakistan in the near future where corruption has been extinguished, all foreign loans are being repaid, crime is absent, TTP’s volunteers are cleaning the roads, and LeJ’s workers are doing social service in Shia and Christian neighbourhoods. This provides a good diversion in a country fatally lacking in play, invention, and hope. A country where the bombs go off every day, human bodies are gutted and eviscerated, the limbs are chopped off, and the heads are cut by the literal-minded religious zealots. As you watch the endless carnage, you become sure that Pakistan has gone completely, utterly mad.
PTI promises to stop all that. However, to be in a position to do that it must first fight the success of ‘ironic stupidity’ of the PMLN, produced by Nawaz Sharif twenty five years ago with the collaboration of ISI Political Production Studios. At the onset of his politics Nawaz was convinced that that government by the armed forces was necessarily better than government by the entire populace. But in the chaos that followed the martyrdom of his spiritual father Ameer ul Momineen Zia ul Haq, Nawaz wisely converted to democracy. PMLN is still showing successfully as it is stitched in the predominant local ethnic fabric. Somewhat like ‘The Marching Morons’, PMLN depicts a society in which the sub-intelligent have outbred the intelligent to such a degree that everyone with an IQ greater than 120 must work their butts off in order to keep the rest of the population alive and PMLN in power. The entire moronic population is tricked by Sharif clan into going to moon. Its history boasts myths of legal violence –like the attack on the Supreme Court or hijacking the COAS’s plane- to post-apocalyptic proportions, depicting a country out of control that only one (formerly) bald man can save. Its phenomenal box-office success is a tribute to the growing dimness of masses and the race to satisfy selfish designs in the most garish way possible. Once a budding ‘Ameer ul Momineen’ and now eager to be acclaimed as a ‘statesman’, Mr Sharif stands elevated past the comic and into the ironic, where you are not supposed to laugh at him but look on in silent awe of lady luck. Mr Sharif is a past master at delivering mindlessly frenzied slabs of future jingoism that rhyme well with his ethnic group and its cousins. Sly leg pulling and slandering on the part of Mr Sharif’s camp mostly centres on real or concocted entirely personal foibles of their opponents. Unfortunately, most of PMLN audiences don’t know how to do anything but take the show straight up. Given the quality of the inputs described above, the output of their success can’t help but be ridiculous as it was in their previous episode.
Both Imran and Nawaz’s productions are equally Islamic, though Imran is not beholden to Saudi Arabia or any other country. Both their productions use religious iconography in the display of implicit and overt piety. It is understandable as religion is a great companion in a country where it resonates well the creation of the country, appeals to people on a primal level, and does not seem to mind ill-gotten wealth and power that the worldly laws will have trouble tolerating. Though no two people seem to agree on what makes a real ‘Muslim’, most of their audiences do agree that Pakistan must have a strong Islamic ideology and an even stronger army. And they all know our State –and therefore our ideology– is better than that of neighbouring States because our army is so much stronger than theirs. And if our army is defeated, it has nothing to do with poor strategy or losing the arms race. It’s because we were sabotaged by traitors, or because the national will wasn’t strong enough. We fall for the reasoning that appeals to the hunter-gatherer instincts which six thousand years of civilization and one thousand years of Islam have not yet subdued much. We want to belong to a tribe. We also want to belong to the right tribe: the strongest tribe, the one that can best protect us. And we want to provide for the tribe with which we identify so closely. Appealing to people’s desire for strength and safety can open any door. Pakistan’s politics amply bears this out. Even when you have doubts, you don’t want to be that one animal on the far edge of the herd. Whoever is supposed to be obeyed by the herd must be obeyed and whoever is supposed to be despised must be despised. The ability to channel rage in the service of Islam or country is widely appreciated. For many of us the concept of patriotism and marriage are equally skewed. We love our country because we lay it whenever possible (from stealing electricity to usurping power) and it bears and nurtures our assets, we beat it up for our frustrations, and we guard it from others because it represents our ‘honour’ and are willing to die in the process. Imran is different though, he has repaid a lot to his country.
While Nawaz is several thousand times wealthier than Imran, Imran’s background and lofty personality impart an ‘elitist stench’ to his persona that many of our masses relish to mistrust. This stops many from giving Imran the benefit of the doubt he deserves as the only untried candidate and as someone who speaks with a solemn, though naïve, intent as compared to the tongue-in-cheek future predicted by Nawaz.
So where do I stand in this show where the competition between these two productions is set to play a decisive role? To state it simply, I am imbued with as much optimism for the prospects following a Nawaz victory as most of world must have harboured for a German victory in the World War II. PMLN is a frightening prospect to me that blurs the line between patriotism and the willingness to follow its leader into fascism, which we almost did in 1999 but for Nawaz’s riling up the ‘angels’. Indeed, the internal strife, instability, displacement, and depression are the worst enemy for individualism of Imran Khan and the ripest fruit for a fascist (and his talented younger brother) willing to promise immediate, albeit incredibly unrealistic, solutions in order to come to power. Having lived through historical situation after historical situation in a country that started with ideals and promises to end up with genocide, poverty, and disillusionment, Sharif has decided hell with those who are not patriots and idealists, and who do not feel they must dash right in on the shoulders of Islamists and do something about it, something so immediately important that all doubters must be liquidated. Notwithstanding his manifest allegiance to religion and his criticism of Western values –which, by the way, he knew how to best leverage when he was somewhat invested in them-, Imran does appeal in an environment fraught with politicians who promise us the world and priests who demonize other groups and sects to propel their own ideas, and Social Studies teachers who laud the virtue of violence and how it’s the tent pole of Islam’s history. I am not overly concerned that Imran panders to the right because even the liberal leaders in the country from Jinnah, Ayub, Yayha, Bhutto, Benazir, to Musharraf have frequently done it out of either expediency or fear. However, what does irk me is that every time Imran has erred he has betrayed a bias for Taliban and not the other way round.
And, dear readers, that’s what makes ‘Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf’ a work of satiric genius. It compels me to vote for an ideology I think is wrong. And I have just one more week to decide.
I am also confused like you. I relate to Imran’s personal integrity but I feel great anxiety about the similarities between Imran’s rhetoric and that of utter right-wing religious parties. I fear that the PTI’s rhetoric will strengthen the jingoism of growing religious intolerance.
It’s a pity that once united in their support for a less religiously-oriented Pakistan, leftists now find themselves divided. Supporters of Imran Khan highlight his philanthropy and the PTI’s perceived commitment to Pakistan. For his detractors, the PTI’s religious vocabulary is cause for concern in a country where religion has been often used to mask and justify political authoritarianism. You and I fall in between.
Asif, how can you disregard PTI’s religiosity? PTI is reflective of General Zia’s propaganda of exclusionary Islamic nationalism. Imran Khan’s faulty storyline about the Taliban has aided militarism. PTI’s Islamist speechifying is inexorably linked to intolerance and militarism.
Amir Zia’s peerless review of Imran Khan’s personal record is very apt. He says, “Khan has gone the extra mile to conjoin democracy with Islam and Islam with democracy, although the two stand in stark contrast to each other. Islam allows no dissent, alteration and divergence from its fundamental teachings. Democracy is all about dissent and the will of the people. It draws its strength from secularism, which does not allow interference of religion in the affairs of the state. There can be a secular state, which is undemocratic, but no democratic state can exist without secularism as its cornerstone.”
Don’t be swayed by temporary considerations. Stand by your ideology.
It’s not that simple. Instead of viewing religious political parties like the PTI as reflecting essential incompatibility between Islam and democracy, leftists should consider these groups in terms of their specific circumstances and contexts. A religious party’s platform is informed not only by religion, but also by the party’s competing priorities, goals, and external political pressures. For example, while the PTI’s positions are religiously framed, among liberal university students in Karachi, Imran Khan espoused a liberal view on women’s rights, stating that “a PTI government will not interfere with women’s clothing”. And, while supportive of an Islamic welfare state, Khan has also evoked the far-left in characterizing the exploitation of Balochistan and the brutal repression of its people as colonialism .
PTI acknowldges the role of Islam in bringing about social and democratic change in the country. We must view the PTI’s Islamism not through the lens of General Zia’s Islamization but through the wider prism of Pakistani history. Within Pakistan, politicians on both the left and the right have used Islam for parochial political purposes. On the left, the Islamic socialism of the 1970s, the socio-economic leftism of Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), and the quasi-secularism of Musharraf’s post 9/11 ‘Enlightened Moderation’ approach, all deployed an Islamic frame. I do not think PTI will manifest oppressive Islamism.
This a very well and wittily written article that presents two positions betraying quintessential worries of many in the current elections. The first is clear: Islam and democracy are incompatible, making the PTI’s platform ill suited to Pakistan’s democratic evolution. The second is implied and means that religiously enthused political movements, such as the PTI, are out of line with a secular Pakistan.
However, I think both conclusions are flawed. Let’s not forget the diversity among Pakistan’s Islamists, both in terms of ideology and links with the military. Although the relationship between the state and Pakistani Islamists is cast as a symbiotic, transparent patron-client association, opposition and conflict have been as central to this relationship and to the Islamist positions within the national discourse as has state support for these religious parties.
AZ, you symbolize a reactionary opposition to Islamism. Democracy and Islam are perfectly compatible.
It is the history of secularist policies in Pakistan that is soaked in blood. The state’s secularist projects, from Presidents Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan, to President Musharraf’s Enlightened Moderation, have been coercive state-led initiatives to regulate and define religion in the public sphere. This top-down approach to secularizing Pakistani society has been a manifest failure. Islam is our way of life.
Unfortunately, Pakistan’s Islamist parties have engaged in behaviours that have abetted secularization in the country. These Islamists have grappled publicly with the role of religion in politics but have not set great examples either by their personal conduct or through their party politics.
Please dissociate the PTI’s Islamism from their gibberish. PTI has an honest and upright leader.
Please also don’t fail to differentiate between those stands of Islamism that aid the Taliban’s intolerant agenda, and those that undermine it.
PTI does not believe in oppressive Islamism to the detriment of true democratic reforms in the country.
“Islam is our way of life.” Uh no. You surely cannot speak for 180 million people. Not everyone’s way of life is the same, there are practising and non-practising Muslims and there are non-Muslims. Your way of life is a private matter as is religion and therefore the moment it interferes with your political system you move just a little bit towards a non-democratic environment. How do you plan on enforcing a common way of life based on Islam as well as having a secularist state? The other thing I want to know is which Islam is our way of life? Shia-ism or Sunnism? You can discuss all the evils that leftist parties have committed in Pakistan but clearly none have hindered the nation as much as Zia’s right-wing ideology.
I am a young voter. I have lost friends and colleges to Taliban gunshots. The upsurge of the Taliban since 2008 only makes me wonder what the last government did in their five years. All they did was make noise. The did nothing when Shah-Ali and Murtaza Ahmed were shot dead.
When we approached the MQM for their help, their response was: the elctions are near, we need funds. If the PPP and MQM were unable to stop the Taliban, they should have resigned.
When your survival is at stake, your outlook towards life really changes. I do blame the Taliban but the government was equally responsible for the chaos. Everyday, VIP convoys with uncountable number of police escorts would block my daily commute. They only cared for themselves–not us–the common people.
I would love to see what steps the PPP-led government has taken to control the Taliban threat other than rhetoric. Condemning the killing of your citizens is never enough when you are the President or Prime Minister. Shame on them!
I’d rather live as a Jew in Iran or Saudi Arabia or Iran than a Muslim in a “secular” Pakistan where the only secularism is on paper. When you are being targetted, it is not ideology that matters, but what the people in charge are doing to protect you.
That is why I will be voting for Imran Khan. Religious rhetoric left alone, only anti-corruption drives will save life. I will never feel safe when millions of dollars are spent on fortifying Bilawal House when tens of people are killed outside. I will never feel safe when suspected terrorists are freed because someone higher up said so. I will never feel safe when police officials are posted, based not on merit but based on who they know.
Go Imran.
Hatim,
Very well said. Just to make it clear, I do not support PPP. My numerous articles vouch for that. Their government has been a disaster. For me NS is no choice and PPP has presided over anarchy and genocide in the last five years. I support MQM and ANP as the only two secular parties in the face of blind religiosity. But at the national level it is either Imran or no vote for me. Imran’s personal integrity is impeccable and I have known it closley.
Having said it is difficult to digest PTI’s religiosity. PTI is reflective of Maududi and Qutb’s gibberish of exclusionary Islamic nationalism. Imran Khan’s faulty storyline about the Taliban has aided militarism.
both are not
May 11 is approaching faster than the latest intellectual nugget to emerge from Dr. Shahid Bin Al-Masood Al-Haq. Are you as energized as me after seeing PTI’s advertisement “Hum Dekhain Gay”?
http://criticalppp.com/archives/261191
IK is the best alternate to the existing political leadership that not only is corrupt but has mastered in this art. MQM are, unfortunately, still Muhajir, after 66 years. ANP has changed their stances from Ghandhi to red USSR to Pakistaniat. Yet both are trying hard to survive in their own domains (the pressure in MQM members). I am supporting IK for a simple reason – Change – be it ANY; religious – fine, as long as it is different than that of Fazilur Rehaman or other Mullahs. Politics, as long as it is different from PPP and N-League. Leadership, as long as it is different than all the army seeded politicians. Finally, honest, till they learn how to steal – Then make another change in next five years. Keep changing as long as they learn the lesson or we get rid of all the corrupts. Simply VOTE FOR ANY CHANGE 🙂
I am convinced, Imran can fail but he will not learn to steal.