Patriarchy the hijacker — by Dr Mahjabeen Islam
Testosterone-infused patriarchs have knowingly and unconsciously vilified Islam and misinterpreted it to satisfy their virginity-obsessed lusts. Either we accept promiscuity in our wives, daughters and daughters-in-law or work toward the simple standard of gender equity, spiritual and physical modesty
Patriarchy is the worst hijacker of Islam, right up there with terrorism. And to think that a simple partition in a woman’s anatomy could be the real or imagined basis for horrific acts of violence is difficult to accept.
The Muslim male’s obsession with virginity, and by extrapolation chastity, plays out in conflict at the domestic level where fathers and brothers apply a standard to women that is flagrantly dichotomous. Muslim societies completely accept a young man dating, drinking and engaging in premarital sex. Some families just look the other way; in others it is open and accepted.
In the days of old, chaste women were sequestered from prying male eyes. And now the tacit order remains in effect: female virginity can be proven and so it must be protected at all costs. Current day England is not free from honour killings or threats toward women. Afshan Azad, a 22-year old actress in the Harry Potter movies, has been assaulted and threatened by her brother and father in disapproval of her Hindu boyfriend.
Jamal Badawi in his book Gender Equity in Islam shatters patriarchal models as well as the propaganda that Muslim women are inferior to men. Most of all, the distinction between equality and equity is brilliant.
Twenty years ago, a young man in Pakistan was dining a young, brilliant corporate executive. Excitedly, my mother persuaded him to propose to her. “No, no Auntie, one does not marry women like her, one just has fun with them,” was the decimating answer.
This shameless patriarchy and double standard have become part of the genetic complement of the Muslim male. Contrary to Islamophobic hysteria, the only two points on which men and women are set apart in Islam are the man being the head of the household, and inheritance laws. The analogy of having only one CEO applies in terms of the head of the household issue. This is also part of the other Abrahamic faiths. Women in Islam inherit less than men as women are not required to share their earnings or wealth and when they become orphans, divorcees or widows, they are deemed the financial responsibilities of first degree male relatives. If males do not fulfil their role here, it is their greed and irresponsibility; Islam cannot be bashed.
Spiritually, men and women are treated as total equals and many a verse in the Quran addresses “the believing men and the believing women, the Muslim men and the Muslim women”. Men may not have physical proof of virginity but premarital sex and adultery carry the same punitive damages in the eyes of God, regardless of the gender of the perpetrator. That the reprehensible Hudood Ordinance and the deep corruption in Pakistan allow the man to get off scot-free is an essay for another day.
Women outnumber men in Pakistan and somehow the number of marriageable Muslim women in North America also appears to outnumber their male counterparts. This has served to strengthen patriarchy and deep hypocrisy in Muslim households. Men, even if they are drunks and nincompoops, have a pick of the crème de la crème, while girls may have to weigh their options: go with a loser or witness the maddening inexorable ticking of the biological clock.
A strong premise in Islam is that of niyyah or intention. The reason for a Muslim man to sport a beard or a woman to wear the hijab may not be entirely a strong personal inclination toward Islam; it may well be multi-factorial. But men seem to have this distorted sense that hijab equals holy. Some savvy families have latched on to the concept of market economics. Knowing that the demand for hijab-wearing girls seems higher, attempts are made to increase the market value by adorning the hijab. “I had to kick out my hijabi roommate because she wanted to bring her boyfriend to sleep over every third night when I was on call,” said a disgusted young physician, adding that the hijab served as a great cover for the deep affectionate impressions he left on her neck.
Another manifestation of market economics melding with entrenched societal tradition is the effort to regain what has been lost. While the furious kill the one that stains their honour, other parents take no chances in ensuring that the necessary stain does occur on the wedding night and their daughter is not sent packing for suspect morals. Plastic surgeons in Egypt and Europe have been doing hymen reconstructions for young Muslim women for a while now.
Jamal Badawi repeatedly challenges Islamophobes to show to him which chapter or verse in the Quran speaks of 72 virgins promised in heaven for violent jihad. And yet out of context and weak ahadith superimposed on tales of western hegemony and imperialism are continually used to brainwash teenagers to make an explosive exit, taking many with them.
And fair is fair. Deeply conservative and sexually uninitiated men wishing to marry their own kind should have every right to. But households where sons can come home at any hour, alcohol and drug use is no issue, premarital sex is considered grooming but daughters are monitored and cloistered, the expectation to marry a virgin half the man’s age is beyond reprehensible.
The most vital piece is educational and economic empowerment of women. Women must stop this cycle of abuse that they perpetuate against their own gender. The birth of a son is hailed and he is given preference in food, education and favours. These same women become economically and psychologically insecure mothers-in-law and generate horrific abuse toward the poor woman that sonny boy gets married to. And that daughter-in-law, herself marginally educated and disfavoured, does the same to her daughters. And the cycle of abuse and disempowerment goes on.
“Say to the believing men and women to lower their gaze and guard their modesty,” says Surah Nur (24:30, 24:31). Note that the exhortation is to both men and women — not to women alone.
Testosterone-infused patriarchs have knowingly and unconsciously vilified Islam and misinterpreted it to satisfy their virginity-obsessed lusts. To save family units, and indeed the world, a strong swift swipe must be made against the steel-webs of the mind. Either we accept promiscuity in our wives, daughters and daughters-in-law or work toward the simple standard of gender equity, spiritual and physical modesty. Either way, what is good for the goose must be good for the gander.
Mahjabeen Islam is a columnist, family physician and addictionist. She can be reached at mahjabeen.islam@gmail.com
Source: Daily Times, 9 July 2010
Women political participation
Thursday, July 08, 2010
By Farzana Ali Khan
PESHAWAR: The National Commission on the Status of Women (NCSW) here Wednesday unveiled a set of recommendations for improved political participation of women under Political Parties Order 2002 and Local Government System and it was supported by the representatives of the political parties, members of the civil society and experts.
The suggestions were discussed with the stakeholders to get their inputs at the policy dialogue arranged by the NCSW in collaboration with Asian Development Bank (ADB), Decentralization Support Programme, Canadian International Development Agency and SoSec.
Nasreen Azhar, National Commission on the Status of Women acting chairperson, who chaired the function along with Chairperson of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Commission on the Status of Women Zubaida Khatoon, said they wanted emancipation of women, equalisation of opportunities and socio-economic conditions amongst women and men and elimination of all sorts of discrimination against them.
To ensure right to vote for women, the commission suggested declaring harassment of woman voters as a crime. It called for mandatory registration of at least 50 per cent women as voters for an election, adding that the responsibility should be put to National Database and Registration Authority (Nadra) and major political parties. It suggested that the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) should arrange transport facility for women and elderly people in rural areas. It proposed that elections in such a constituency where women are barred from voting or contesting should be postponed and results declared null and void.
The commission proposed counting of votes by gender and their display in the final election results to show women preferences in casting the ballot. Another recommendation called for setting up of polling stations close to women’s homes in the rural areas so that they were not deprived of their right to vote.
Emphasising promotion of equal opportunities among active women in politics, the National Commission on the Status of Women sought Election Commission of Pakistan’s role in bounding political parties to prepare and implement a separate code of conduct for working of their women wings and selection of women candidates in general elections.
The commission called on political parties to consult their women members on important party issues such as amending party manifestoes or formulating policy on national issues. Calling for due development funds for women parliamentarians, the commission stressed the need for a system of direct elections instead of reserved seats to provide women lawmakers more political legitimacy.
The government was urged to allocate reserved seats for women in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Fata) and Islamabad Capital Territory till appropriate time when direct elections could be held there apart from giving representation to women in the Election Commission of Pakistan.
Noting that women lawmakers had no proper representation in the parliamentary committees and advisory positions, elevation of women in the decision-making bodies was suggested to ensure their empowerment.
To strengthen women’s role in politics, the commission sought 33 per cent quota for women in the political parties elected committees, 20 per cent representation for them in ministerial and advisory slots and post of speaker or deputy speaker in the respective legislatures.
Proposals were made for making it compulsory to have women’s photos on identity cards to stop election rigging, funding by the Election Commission of Pakistan for women candidates, reservation of one seat each for minority women in all provincial assemblies, National Assembly and Senate, training programmes for women activists by the political parties, hiring of women as enumerators by the Election Commission of Pakistan to ensure registration of women as voters and reservation of seats for women in Fata and Provincially Administered Tribal Area.
The politicians who spoke on the occasion included Awami National Party’s Vice-President and member of the National Assembly Bushra Gohar, general secretary of the ANP Tajuddin Khan, Naeema Kishwar who is provincial president of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Women Wing, Minister for Social Welfare and Women Development Sitara Ayaz, Prince Javed who is minority MPA from Pakistan People’s Party, PPP MPAs Shazia Tehmas and Sajida Tabassum, Dr Iqbal Khalil of Jamaat-e-Islami and Mukhtiar Bacha.
The speakers from the civil society included Zubaida Noor, Uzma Mehboob, Dr Begum Jan, Shad Begum, Arshad Haroon, Shazia Hina, Nasira Syed, Akbar Ali Shah and Shakila Khan. From the government side, Khushalzada Khan of the ECP, Dr Idrees Ahmad of Planning and Development Department and Ishrat Jehan, gender advisor to the Asian Development Bank and Shaheen Akhtar of University of Peshawar participated in the event. Rukhshanda Naz, a women rights activist and consultant to the NCSW, moderated the programme while Sajid Mansur Qaisrani also spoke on the occasion.
http://www.thenews.com.pk/print1.asp?id=249417
Patriarchy isn’t religion specific it has a number of socio-economic as well as historical reasons. The issue of commodification of women isn’t Islam specific, it’s prevalent in almost all societies with multiple manifestations, the growth and rise of feminist school in west itself is evidence to this fact.
Historians and Archeologists argue for a phase of human society when it was matriarchical, yet the claims are contested because of scanty evidence.
The societies cited as example include; indigenous peoples of Asia and Africa(Minangkabau, Mosuo, Berbers or Tuareg) and similarly in Europe Basques and Sardinian people. The presence of a feminine supreme goddess in a number of ancient societies reflects presence of women centered societies. Yet the transition to Patriarchical structures was due to multiple reasons.
Randall Collins describes men as historically “sexual aggressors” and women as the prize. The advent of Agriculture can be a major turnaround as it brought Male dominance because of their physical strength, size and aggressiveness. And women were victimized due to smaller size and their vulnerability as child bearers.
It’s a well established fact that in all societies and almost in all epochs women were given the status of a property (sexual). They were taken as war booty, used for economic dealings by their fathers, brothers and husbands. Considered in this context if you analyse present state of affairs it’s pretty similar, girls carry the name of their fathers when unmarried as their virginity is property of their fathers, which they will trade-off for social and economic reasons, and to it is tied the ideas of family respect, honour etc. which is so fragile that it may be on the stake at even an innocent action. When married they become the properties of their husbands, and its signified by the change in their names (as the name of father or his family is replaced by husband’s).
With arrival and strengthening of Capitalist economy the commodification of women became more intricate. Women’s bargaining position has improved due to economic and political changes, as they are no longer dependent on and under control of their fathers; they became potentially free to negotiate their own sexual relationships. But women found that within the free marriage market they had to trade their sexuality for the economic and status resources of men. As men have much greater economic resources and status in the society. Now for women to get these resources and maximize her bargaining power, she has to appear both as sexually alluring and as inaccessible as possible. She has to hold her sexuality in reserve as a sort of grand prize that she exchanges for male wealth and status. Under such an arrangement, femininity and female virginity came to be idealized, and women were placed on a pedestal, so that an element of sexual repression was built into courtship ties, freeing themselves from economic dependence on men, they have gained the resources to challenge the double standard.
So the oppression of women in nature is same everywhere yet the manifestations are diverse, it isn’t Islam specific rather its male specific!
My dear Lady Doctor: It is not just patriarchy, but Equal mix of patriarchy, male chauvinism, bigotry, ignorance, un-education of society. To some extent ladies are responsible. Why to not teach their young sons the move away from patriarchy?
why this pattern repeat every generation? who will take blame from ladies side?
Thanks You!
Dear Doctor: In the Western world, the bapardah and shareef women of these families have found an ilaj for this.
They are getting their virginity restored by means of plastic surgery.
This is called , Eat you “cake” and having it too!
کھلاکھاو تے ننگا نہاو
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